Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pad manufacturing.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of wood pulp and superabsorbent polymers (SAP).

### Wood Pulp

Wood pulp is a natural material derived from trees. It is highly absorbent and provides the bulk of the pad’s absorbency. The wood pulp used in sanitary pads is usually bleached to ensure cleanliness and hygiene.

### Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)

SAPs are synthetic materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their mass. They are often used in conjunction with wood pulp to enhance the pad’s absorbency and prevent leakage.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It is designed to be soft, comfortable, and quick-drying.

### Nonwoven Fabric

Nonwoven fabrics are commonly used for the top sheet. These fabrics are made from synthetic fibers such as polypropylene or polyethylene, which are bonded together through mechanical, thermal, or chemical processes. Nonwoven fabrics are chosen for their softness, breathability, and ability to wick moisture away from the skin.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against external moisture.

### Polyethylene Film

Polyethylene film is a common material used for the back sheet. It is a thin, flexible plastic film that is impermeable to liquids, ensuring that menstrual fluid does not leak through the pad. The film is often treated to be breathable, allowing air to circulate and reducing the risk of skin irritation.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the sanitary pad in place within the underwear.

### Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive

Pressure-sensitive adhesives are typically used for this purpose. These adhesives are designed to stick firmly to fabric when pressure is applied, ensuring that the pad stays in place during use. They are also formulated to be easily removable without leaving residue on clothing.

## 5. Release Paper

Release paper is a protective layer that covers the adhesive before the pad is used.

### Silicone-Coated Paper

Silicone-coated paper is commonly used as release paper. It is designed to be easily peeled away from the adhesive, allowing the pad to be securely attached to the underwear. The silicone coating ensures that the adhesive does not stick to the release paper prematurely.

## Conclusion

The raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to provide optimal absorbency, comfort, and protection. From the absorbent core to the adhesive, each component plays a vital role in ensuring that sanitary pads meet the needs of users. Understanding the composition and properties of these materials helps in appreciating the engineering and innovation that goes into creating effective and reliable menstrual hygiene products.